Hangul — full reference

All 19 consonants and 21 vowels, with Revised Romanization and German sound anchors. All 40 covered as of Lesson 4.

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How to read a block: first consonant → vowel → final consonant. Vertical vowels (ㅏ ㅓ ㅣ) sit to the right; horizontal vowels (ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ) sit below; the W-vowels (ㅘ ㅝ ㅙ ㅞ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ) take both spots at once, wrapping around the consonant; any final consonant sits along the bottom.

Consonants — 19

Letter	Name	Start	End	German anchor	Lesson
ㄱ	기역	G	K	zwischen Gast und Kind	L1
ㄲ	쌍기역	KK	K	gespannt, ohne Hauch — wie k in „Ski"	L3
ㄴ	니은	N	N	wie in Nase	L1
ㄷ	디귿	D	T	zwischen Dach und Tag	L2
ㄸ	쌍디귿	TT	—	gespannt — wie t in „Stein"	L3
ㄹ	리을	R	L	wie spanisch pero; am Blockende eher L	L1
ㅁ	미음	M	M	wie in Mond	L1
ㅂ	비읍	B	P	zwischen Ball und Pause	L2
ㅃ	쌍비읍	PP	—	gespannt — wie p in „Spiel"	L3
ㅅ	시옷	S	T	wie ss in Wasser (nie stimmhaft)	L1
ㅆ	쌍시옷	SS	T	schärfer, gespannt	L3
ㅇ	이응	— (silent)	NG	unten wie in Ring; oben lautlos	L1
ㅈ	지읒	J	T	wie dsch in Dschungel	L2
ㅉ	쌍지읒	JJ	—	gespanntes dsch	L3
ㅊ	치읓	CH	T	wie tsch in deutsch, behaucht	L3
ㅋ	키읔	K	K	wie K in Kind, stark behaucht	L3
ㅌ	티읕	T	T	wie T in Tag, stark behaucht	L3
ㅍ	피읖	P	P	wie P in Pause, stark behaucht	L3
ㅎ	히읗	H	T	wie in Haus	L2

Start = sound in the first slot of a block · End = sound as a 받침 (final consonant). Green rows are letters you already know.

Vowels — 21

Letter	Roman	Sounds like	German anchor	Position	Lesson
ㅏ	A	ah	Mann	right	L1
ㅓ	EO	uh	Sonne, Lippen ungerundet	right	L1
ㅗ	O	oh	Boot — Strich nach oben = O	below	L1
ㅜ	U	oo	Buch — Strich nach unten = U	below	L1
ㅡ	EU	unrounded u	kein Äquivalent — Zunge u, Lippen i	below	L1
ㅣ	I	ee	Kino	right	L1
ㅑ	YA	yah	ja	right	L4
ㅕ	YEO	yuh	wie j + ungerundetes o	right	L4
ㅛ	YO	yoh	Joghurt — Striche nach oben = O	below	L4
ㅠ	YU	yoo	Jugend — Striche nach unten = U	below	L4
ㅐ	AE	eh	Bett	right	L4
ㅔ	E	eh	Bett — heute identisch zu ㅐ	right	L4
ㅒ	YAE	yeh	jetzt	right	L4
ㅖ	YE	yeh	jetzt	right	L4
ㅘ	WA	wah	engl. water	below+right	L4
ㅝ	WO	wuh	engl. wonder	below+right	L4
ㅙ	WAE	weh	engl. wet	below+right	L4
ㅞ	WE	weh	engl. wet	below+right	L4
ㅚ	OE	weh	engl. wet (trotz der Schreibung)	below+right	L4
ㅟ	WI	wee	engl. week	below+right	L4
ㅢ	UI	eu + ee	ㅡ und ㅣ schnell hintereinander	below+right	L4

Vowels with an extra tick (ㅏ→ㅑ, ㅜ→ㅠ) simply add a Y in front. That one pattern covers four of the 21.

Final consonants — only 7 sounds

Any of the 19 consonants can sit at the bottom of a block, but at the end of a syllable they collapse into just seven sounds. This is the single biggest reason a word sounds different from how it's spelled.

Written at the bottom	Actually pronounced	Example
ㄱ ㅋ ㄲ	K	부엌 = "bu-eok" (kitchen)
ㄴ	N	산 = "san" (mountain)
ㄷ ㅌ ㅅ ㅆ ㅈ ㅊ ㅎ	T	옷 = "ot" (clothes)
ㄹ	L	울 = "ul"
ㅁ	M	남 = "nam" (south)
ㅂ ㅍ	P	입 = "ip" (mouth)
ㅇ	NG	강 = "gang" (river)

Full treatment — including what happens when the next block starts with ㅇ — is Lesson 5.